نمونه سوال ساده
- شروع کننده موضوع BIOLOGY
- تاریخ شروع
- برچسپ ها سوال نمونه سوال
پاسخ : نمونه سوال ساده
1. In a clinical study, inulin is infused into the circulatory system at a rate that eventually
produces a constant plasma concentration of 20 mM. From the beginning of the
infusion, urine is collected at 10 minute intervals. The volume of urine collected and
the concentration of inulin in the urine is determined. The first 5 data points are:
Time Volume (ml) Concentration (mM)
produces a constant plasma concentration of 20 mM. From the beginning of the
infusion, urine is collected at 10 minute intervals. The volume of urine collected and
the concentration of inulin in the urine is determined. The first 5 data points are:
Time Volume (ml) Concentration (mM)
0 20 7
10 20 127
20 16 135
30* 20 * 125*
40 16 132
10 20 127
20 16 135
30* 20 * 125*
40 16 132
a. What is the glomerular filtration rate in this person?
b. How do you explain the relatively low concentration at the first time point?
c. Does the GFR measured in this experiment match the value that you would predict
from your reading and lecture? Is this person sick?
d. In this person, the blood glucose level is 425 mM. Would you expect to find
glucose in the urine? Why or why not?
e. If there was glucose in the urine and you calculated the glomerular filtration rate
based on the clearance of glucose (rather than on the clearance of inulin), would
you expect to get a value higher than or lower than the clearance calculated for
inulin.
f. In this infusion, you also included PAH. You find that it reaches a concentration of
15 mM in the plasma after mixing is complete. In the urine that you collected
between 20 and 30 minutes (starred sample above), you find that the
concentration of PAH is 375 mM. Calculate the renal blood flow. Keeping in
mind that normally the kidneys receive 20-25% of the entire cardiac output, and
that this person is still alive, what is your cautious first diagnosis?
b. How do you explain the relatively low concentration at the first time point?
c. Does the GFR measured in this experiment match the value that you would predict
from your reading and lecture? Is this person sick?
d. In this person, the blood glucose level is 425 mM. Would you expect to find
glucose in the urine? Why or why not?
e. If there was glucose in the urine and you calculated the glomerular filtration rate
based on the clearance of glucose (rather than on the clearance of inulin), would
you expect to get a value higher than or lower than the clearance calculated for
inulin.
f. In this infusion, you also included PAH. You find that it reaches a concentration of
15 mM in the plasma after mixing is complete. In the urine that you collected
between 20 and 30 minutes (starred sample above), you find that the
concentration of PAH is 375 mM. Calculate the renal blood flow. Keeping in
mind that normally the kidneys receive 20-25% of the entire cardiac output, and
that this person is still alive, what is your cautious first diagnosis?